Long Answer Type

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‘‘Indian railways brought people of diverse cultures together.’’ Support this statement with suitable examples.


Mahatma Gandhi said, the Indian railways “brought people of diverse cultures together to contribute to India’s freedom struggle.”

(i)Indian railways network is one of the longest in the world.

(ii)It facilitates the movement of both freight and passengers and contributes to the growth of economy.

(iii)Railway continues to remain the main means of transport for the masses. Indian Railways is the largest government undertaking in the country

(iv)Indian Railway was introduced in 1853, when a line was constructed from Bombay to Thane covering a distance of 34 km.

(v)The length of Indian Railways network is 64460 km. as on 31 March 2011.

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Short Answer Type

Differentiate between protective irrigation and productive irrigation.

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Electricity is one of the greatest inventions of all times. It is mostly generated by using coal, natural gas and petroleum, which are exhaustible resources. Can you imagine the human society without electricity? This may happen in future, when all energy resources will be exhausted. Explain the values that can change this possible dark scenario.

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What is noise pollution ? Explain any four sources of noise pollution.

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Long Answer Type

What is sex ratio ? Explain the world pattern of sex ratio with suitable examples.

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Define the term ‘commercial livestock rearing’. Explain its any four characteristics.

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Which is the longest trans-continental railway of North America ? Describe its any four features.

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Define the term ‘growth of population’. Describe the third (III) phase of growth of population in India.

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Explain the importance of foodgrains in the Indian agricultural economy. Describe any three characteristics of rice cultivation.

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