How had Bernier described a complex social reality of the artisans under the artisans under the Mughals? Give any one reason.

Mention the two sections of the Harappan Settlements and give one main feature each.

”Krishnadeva Raya was characterised by expansion and consolidation.” Justify the statement on the basis of evidences.

Describe briefly the expansion and consolidation of Mughal Empire under Jalaluddin Akbar (1556-1605).

Mention the two earliest Bhakti Movements of the Tamil Nadu, giving the main difference between them.

Critically examine the duties laid down in ‘Manusmriti’ for the Chandals.

On the given political map of India label the following:

(i) Three major Buddhist sites.

(ii)Two important Kingdom or towns.(C 600 BCE- 600CE)

                                                                       OR

On the given political outline map of India mark and label the following:

Any five territories/cities under Babur, Akbar & Aurangzeb’s reign.

Describe the teaching of the Buddha.

Describe briefly how do the historians usually classify the contents of Mahabharata? Why is the text described as an itihas?

”The mid first millennium BCE is often regarded as a turning point in the World History.” Justify the statement.