How did the trade of sixth century BCE extend into Central Asia and Africa ?
The trade of Sixth Century BCE:
(i) From the sixth century BCE, land and river routes criss-crossed the subcontinent and extended in various directions – overland into Central Asia and beyond, and overseas, from ports that dotted the costline-extending across the Arabian Sea to East and North Africa and West Asia, and through the Bay of Bengal to Southeast Asia and China.
(ii) A wide range of goods were carried from one place to another – salt, grain, cloth ,metal ores and finished products, stone, timber, medicinal plants, to name a few. Spices, especially pepper, were in high demand in the Roman Empire, as were textiles and medicinal plants, and these were all transported across the Arabian Sea to the Mediterranean.
‘‘The Chola rulers proclaimed their connections with the Alvars and Nayanars.’’ Cite two examples
Analyse the areas of Cunningham’s confusion in understanding the significance of Harappa.
Read the following lines and answer the question that follows:
‘I will build a funeral pyre of sandalwood and aloe;
Light it by your own hand When I am burned away to cinders:
Smear this ash upon your limbs.
... let flame be lost in flame.’
Following the footsteps of Mirabai, the woman of Indian society became independent in her thoughts. She initiated the advancement of the category of woman. Throw light from the values learnt from her life which is the pathway to the modern society.
Why did Santhals revolt against zamindars, moneylenders and the colonial state during 18th century ? Explain.
Name the hill station founded during the course of the Gurkha War of 1815 – 16. Why was it developed as a sanitarium ? Give one reason.
‘‘Rumours and prophecies played a part in moving people to action.’’ Justify the statement in the context of the Revolt of 1857.
