Why did Santhals revolt against zamindars, moneylenders and the colonial state during 18th century ? Explain.
Santhals revolted against zamindars, moneylenders and the colonial state during 18th century because:
(i) Santhals were restricted from moving down to the lower hills and valleys, they were confined to the dry interior and to the more barren and rockey upper hills. This severely affected their lives, impoverishing them in the long term.
(ii) The santhals, however, soon found that the land they had brought under cultivation was slipping away from their hands.
(iii) The states wss levying heavy taxes on the land that the Santhals had cleared.
(iv) Money lenders were charging them high rates of interest and taking over the land when debts remained unpaid and zamindars were asserting control over the Damin area.
‘‘The Chola rulers proclaimed their connections with the Alvars and Nayanars.’’ Cite two examples
Name the hill station founded during the course of the Gurkha War of 1815 – 16. Why was it developed as a sanitarium ? Give one reason.
Analyse the areas of Cunningham’s confusion in understanding the significance of Harappa.
Read the following lines and answer the question that follows:
‘I will build a funeral pyre of sandalwood and aloe;
Light it by your own hand When I am burned away to cinders:
Smear this ash upon your limbs.
... let flame be lost in flame.’
Following the footsteps of Mirabai, the woman of Indian society became independent in her thoughts. She initiated the advancement of the category of woman. Throw light from the values learnt from her life which is the pathway to the modern society.
‘‘Rumours and prophecies played a part in moving people to action.’’ Justify the statement in the context of the Revolt of 1857.
