Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions :
At the most simple level, globalization results in an erosion of state capacity, that is, the ability of government to do what they do. All over the world, the old ‘welfare state’ is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs certain core functions such as the maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens. However, it withdraws from many of its earlier welfare functions directed at economic and social well-being. In place of the welfare state, it is the market that becomes the prime determinant of economic and social priorities.
i. What do the words ‘erosion of state capacity’ imply ? Explain with the help of an example.
ii. Why is the concept of welfare state giving way to a minimalist state ?
iii. How has market become the prime determinant of social priorities ?
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions :
When India conducted its first nuclear test, it was termed as peaceful explosion. India argued that it was committed to the policy of using nuclear power only for peaceful purposes. The period when the nuclear test was conducted was a difficult period in domestic politics. Following the Arab-Israel War of 1973, the entire world was affected by the Oil Shock due to the massive hike in the oil prices by the Arab nations. It led to economic turmoil in India resulting in high inflation.
i. When did India conduct its first nuclear test and why ?
ii. Why was the period, when the nuclear test was conducted in India, considered to be a difficult period in domestic politics ?
iii. Which international event of 1970s was responsible for high inflation in India ?
Which one of the following statements about the Berlin wall is false ?
It symbolized the division between the Capitalist ;and the Communist world.
It was built immediately after the Second World War.
It was broken by the people on 9th November, 1989.
It was broken by the people on 9th November, 1989.
Match the following:
| A. A politically controversial appointment | (i) Charu Mjumdar |
| B. Led the Railway strike in 1974 | (ii) Jayaprakash Narayan |
| C. Declined to join Nehru’s Cabinet | (iii) George Fernandes |
| D. Declined to join Nehru’s Cabinet | (iv) Justice A.N. Ray |
What are ‘global commons’ ? Why is it said that international cooperation over the global commons is not easy ?
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions ;
Each of these countries was required to make a total shift to a capitalist economy, which meant rooting out completely any structures evolved during this period. Above all, it meant that private ownership was to be the dominant pattern of ownership of property. Privatization of state assets and corporate ownership patterns were to be immediately brought in. Collective farms were to be replaced by private farming and capitalism in agriculture. This transition ruled out any alternate or ‘third way’.
(i) Name any two countries which were required to make a total shift.
(ii) Why were the collective farms to be replaced by private farming ?
(iii) Since the ‘third way’ had been ruled out, what were the only two ways of controlling the economy ?
