What does social exclusion mean? Why is it involuntary?
(i) Social exclusion refers to ways in which individuals are cut off from full involvement in the wider society.
(ii) It is involuntary as it is practised regardless of the wishes of those who are excluded.
(iii) Rich people are never found sleeping on the pavements but poor people in cities and towns often do. Rich are not being excluded from access to pavements but they choose not to sleep there.
(iv) Prolonged experience of discriminatory or insulting behavior often produces a reaction on the part of the excluded who then stop trying for inclusion. Example- 'Upper' caste communities have often denied entry into temple for the 'lower' castes, especially Dalits.
Read the following passage and answer the questions below:
New Delhi : A few districts in the eight empowered action group (EAG) states have excelled by achieving the targets set by the United Nations under the millennium development goals (MDGs). The EAG states are Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and Rajasthan.
Of the 248 districts of the EAG states and Assam categorized as having the worst health indicators – six have reduced the infant mortality rate (IMR) to 28. The MDG target is to bring down the IMR – the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births – to 28 by 2015. The districts are Purbi Singhbhum and Dhanbad (Jharkhand); Chamoli, Rudraprayag, Pithoragarh and Almora (Uttarakhand).
Bokaro and Ranchi (Jharkhand), Bageshwar and Nainital (Uttarakhand) are also close to achieving the goals but sadly enough, female infants in these districts experience a higher mortality than male infants and mortality in rural areas is worse than those in urban centres. The survey also reveals that the smaller States carved out of the bigger ones in the recent past have performed better.
What is infant mortality rate? Name the districts which have reduced their IMR to 28.
Read the following passage and answer the questions below:
New Delhi : A few districts in the eight empowered action group (EAG) states have excelled by achieving the targets set by the United Nations under the millennium development goals (MDGs). The EAG states are Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and Rajasthan.
Of the 248 districts of the EAG states and Assam categorized as having the worst health indicators – six have reduced the infant mortality rate (IMR) to 28. The MDG target is to bring down the IMR – the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births – to 28 by 2015. The districts are Purbi Singhbhum and Dhanbad (Jharkhand); Chamoli, Rudraprayag, Pithoragarh and Almora (Uttarakhand).
Bokaro and Ranchi (Jharkhand), Bageshwar and Nainital (Uttarakhand) are also close to achieving the goals but sadly enough, female infants in these districts experience a higher mortality than male infants and mortality in rural areas is worse than those in urban centres. The survey also reveals that the smaller States carved out of the bigger ones in the recent past have performed better.
What does Millennium Development Goal target for 2015?
