Short Answer Type

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Discuss the changes that have emerged in Indian industries after globalisation and liberalisation.


Following are the changes that have emerged in Indian industries after globalization and liberalization:

  1. The Government of India has initiated the policy of liberalization since 1990s. Accordingly, private companies and foreign firms are being encouraged in those sectors which were earlier reserved for the government such as telecom, civil aviation and power etc.
  2. Due to liberalization and globalisation, several Indian companies have been taken over by the MNCS. On the other hand some Indian companies have become MNCs.
  3. The impact of liberalization and globalization is being felt in retail. Presently, the government is trying to sell its share in many public sector companies. This process is termed as disinvestment. However, the issue of job security has become sensitive.
  4. The secure employment in the large industry is also decreasing. There is a big gap between industries and their capacity to provide employment. The policy of land acquisition for industries has its own dimensions.
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Long Answer Type

Read the given passage and answer the following questions:

                            The Indian Language Newspaper Revolution

The most significant happening in the last few decades has been the Indian language newspaper revolution. The beginnings of this growth predated liberalisation. The top two dailies in India are Dainik Jagran and Dainik Bhaskar with a readership of 21 million and 17 million, respectively. The fastest growing dailies are the Assamese dailies in urban areas (51.8 per cent increase) and the Bengali dailies in rural areas (129 per cent)
Source: National Readership Survey 2002.
The Eenadu story also exemplifies the success of the Indian language press. Ramoji Rao the founder of Eenadu, had successfully organised a chit-fund, before launching the paper in 1974. By associating with appropriate causes in the rural areas like the Anti-arrack movement in the mid-1980s, the Telugu newspaper was able to reach into the countryside. This prompted it to launch ‘district dailies’ in 1989. These were tabloid inserts or sensational features carrying news from particular districts as well as classified advertisements from villages and small towns of the same. By 1998 Eenadu was being published from ten towns in Andhra Pradesh and its circulation accounted for 70 per cent of the audited Telugu daily circulation.

What reasons can be attributed to the emerging growth of Indian language newspapers?

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‘Tribes have been classified according to their permanent and acquired traits.’ Explain. 

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How far did the status of women improve in contemporary India? Give examples to support your answer.

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Read the given passage and answer the following questions:

                            The Indian Language Newspaper Revolution

The most significant happening in the last few decades has been the Indian language newspaper revolution. The beginnings of this growth predated liberalisation. The top two dailies in India are Dainik Jagran and Dainik Bhaskar with a readership of 21 million and 17 million, respectively. The fastest growing dailies are the Assamese dailies in urban areas (51.8 per cent increase) and the Bengali dailies in rural areas (129 per cent)
Source: National Readership Survey 2002.
The Eenadu story also exemplifies the success of the Indian language press. Ramoji Rao the founder of Eenadu, had successfully organised a chit-fund, before launching the paper in 1974. By associating with appropriate causes in the rural areas like the Anti-arrack movement in the mid-1980s, the Telugu newspaper was able to reach into the countryside. This prompted it to launch ‘district dailies’ in 1989. These were tabloid inserts or sensational features carrying news from particular districts as well as classified advertisements from villages and small towns of the same. By 1998 Eenadu was being published from ten towns in Andhra Pradesh and its circulation accounted for 70 per cent of the audited Telugu daily circulation.

What are the different forms of Print media?

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Short Answer Type

Differentiate between Fordism and Post-Fordism.

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State the social welfare responsibilities of panchayats.

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Long Answer Type

Social inequality differentiates between individuals. Highlight the principles to explain the concept of social stratification.

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Colonialism introduced a wide range of change in every sphere, be it legal or cultural or architectural. Justify the statement with examples.

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