Give reasons for:
(i) Black soil is largely found in the Deccan Trap region.
(ii) Khadar is more fertile than Bhangar.
(iii) Soil erosion by wind is common in arid regions.
(i) Black soil is largely found in the Deccan Trap region because it is ‘In situ’ and is formed by the weathering of solidified lava spread over large areas of Deccan Trap during volcanic activity.
(ii) Khadar soil is more fertile than Bangar soil because :
a. Khadar is new alluvium deposited by the rivers in their flood plains. Bangar is older alluvium found in upland area above the flood plains, Bangar is older alluvium which is not renewed by the floods.
b. Khadar has fine particles of clay where as Bangar is coarse and it contains ‘Kankar’ nodules.
(iii) Soil erosion by wind is common in arid regions because the arid regions receive no rainfall or has very scanty rainfall, so it is devoid of vegetation cover. Roots of plants hold the soil firmly in its place. In the absence of vegetation cover, soil becomes loose particles easy to be moved by high velocity winds.
Why is an oil refinery located either close to an oil field or in a coastal city ? Name one oil refinery in the private sector.
Name the process by which laterite soil is formed. What climatic conditions are responsible for its formation ?
Give reasons for the following:
(i) The North East Monsoons bring almost no rain to most of India.
(ii) The mango showers are beneficial local winds.
(iii) The latitudinal extent of India is responsible for the variation in the climatic conditions which prevail in the country.
Study the climatic data provided below and answer the questions that follow :
Station |
Months |
J |
F |
M |
A |
M |
J |
J |
A |
S |
O |
N |
D |
A |
Temperature |
21.0 |
22.6 |
26.3 |
29.2 |
29.7 |
27.5 |
25.1 |
24.5 |
24.8 |
25.5 |
22.5 |
20.5 |
Rainfall cm |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
1.5 |
2.7 |
11.4 |
16.7 |
9.0 |
13.4 |
9.0 |
2.7 |
0.3 |
|
B |
Temperature |
24.4 |
24.4 |
26.7 |
28.3 |
30.0 |
28.9 |
27.2 |
27.2 |
27.2 |
28.3 |
27.2 |
25.0 |
Rainfall cm |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
1.7 |
1.9 |
50.2 |
61.0 |
37.0 |
27.0 |
4.8 |
1.4 |
0.3 |
(i) Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station B.
(ii) Calculate annual rainfall of station A.
(iii) Presuming that both the stations are located in West India, state giving a reason as to which of the two lies on the windward side of the Western Ghats.
Name the soil which:
(i) covers the summits of the Eastern ghats.
(ii) makes up the delta of the river Ganga.
(iii) is the most suitable for the cultivation of cotton.
(iv) is sticky when wet and cracks when dry.
Name one centre in each of the following states where iron is mined :
(i) Orissa
(ii) Jharkhand.