Short Answer Type

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How can they be made to leave the metal surface?


Two ways in which electrons in the valence shell can be freed are:
I. Thermionic Emission sufficient thermal energy can be imparted to the free electrons by suitable heating so that they come out of the metal.
II. Photoelectric Emission It is the phenomenon of emission of electrons from the surface of the metal when light radiations of suitable frequency fall on it.

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Why do they not leave the metal surface on their own?

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