The breakdown of detritus into smaller particles by earthworm is a process called 

• humification 

• fragmentation

• mineralisation

• mineralisation

Common cold is not cured by antibiotics because it is

• caused by a virus

• caused by a Gram-positive bacterium

• caused by a Gram-negative bacterium

• caused by a Gram-negative bacterium

Biodiversity of a geographical region represents

• endangered species found in the region

• the diversity in the organism living in the region

• genetic diversity present in the dominant species of the region

• genetic diversity present in the dominant species of the region

Consider the following statements (I) - (IV) each with one or two blanks.

I. Bears go into ..... (1)  .... during winter to .......(2) ..... cold weather.
II. A conical age pyramid with a broad base represents ......(3) ....... human population.
III. A wasp pollinating a fig flower is an example of ........ (4) ..........
IV. An area with high levels of species richness is known as ........ (5) .......

Which one of the following options give the correct fill up the respective blanks numbers from (1) to (5) in the statements.

• (2) stable, (4) commensalism, (5) marsh

• (1) aestivation, (5) escape, (3) stable, (4) mutualism

• (3) expanding, (4) commensalism, (5) biodiversity park

• (3) expanding, (4) commensalism, (5) biodiversity park

In angiosperms, functional megaspore develops into

• embryo sac

• ovule

• endosperm

• endosperm

Test cross in plants of in Drosophila involves crossing 

• Between two genotypes with recessive trait

• Between two F₁ hybrids

• the F₁ hybrid with a double recessive genotype

• the F₁ hybrid with a double recessive genotype

What is common between vegetative reproduction and apomixis?

• Both are applicable to only dicot plants

• Both bypass the flowering phase

• Both occur round the year

• Both occur round the year

The unequivocal proof of DNA as the genetic material came from the studies on a 

• bacterium

• fungus

• viroid

• viroid

Sweet potato is homologous to 

• potato

• colocasia

• ginger

• ginger

Which one of the following option gives the correct matching of a disease with its causative organism and mode of infection?

• Disease	Gausative Organisms	Mode of infection
  Typhoid	Salmonella typhi	With inspired air

• Disease	Gausative Organisms	Mode of infection
  Pneumonia	Sreptococcus pneumoniae	Droplet infection

• Disease	Gausative Organisms	Mode of infection
  Elephantiasis	Wuchereria bancrofti	Infected water and food

• Disease	Gausative Organisms	Mode of infection
  Elephantiasis	Wuchereria bancrofti	Infected water and food