Assertion: Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are very important for plant growth and development.

Reason: Auxins do not induce flowering in gymnosperms

• If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If assertion is true but reason is false. 

• If both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Secondary metabolites are produced in small quantities and their extraction from the plant is difficult and expensive.

Reason: Secondary metabolites can be commercially produced by using tissue culture technique.

• If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If assertion is true but reason is false. 

• If both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Branchiostoma and Balanoglossus are bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic animals.

Reason: They are exclusively marine and possess notochord.

• If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If assertion is true but reason is false. 

• If both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: A correct concentration of auxin and cytokinin is required for the development of root and shoot in a callus.

Reason: When the ratio of kinetin to auxin is high, then only shoots develop. But when the ratio is low then only roots develop.

• If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If assertion is true but reason is false. 

• If both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Cephalisation is advantageous to an animal.

Reason: It improves the appearance of the animal.

• If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If assertion is true but reason is false. 

• If both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Nitrogen is one of the most essential elements of human body.

Reason: All types of prokaryotic organisms are able to fix nitrogen.

• If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If assertion is true but reason is false. 

• If both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: In light reaction of photosynthesis, light is required for the functioning of PS I and PS II, and production of NADPH and ATP.

Reason: Dark reaction does not occur in light.

• If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If assertion is true but reason is false. 

• If both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: ADH and RAAS work in response to low blood volume and blood pressure.

Reason: ANF works in response to high blood volume and blood pressure.

• If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If assertion is true but reason is false. 

• If both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The nymph of a cockroach undergoes moulting several times.

Reason: There is gradual metamorphosis in cockroach.

• If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If assertion is true but reason is false. 

• If both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Blood in cockroach is colourless haemolymph with no respiratory pigment.

Reason: Respiration in cockroach occurs through diffusion in haemolymph.

• If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 

• If assertion is true but reason is false. 

• If both assertion and reason are false.