Describe the following
1. Synapsis
2. Bivalent
3. Chiasmata.

Draw diagrams to illustrate your answer.

1. Synapsis: It occurs in zygotene stage. It is pairing of homologous chromosomes. It may be centric or random or preterminal.

2. Bivalent : A pair of homologous chromosomes is called bivalent.

3. Chiasmata : It is point in a tetrad where crossing over occurs.

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Distinguish between cytokinesis and karyokinesis.

Can there be DNA replication without cell division.

Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur.

1. Chromosomes are moved to spindle equator.

2. Centromere splits and chromatids separate.

3. Pairing between homologous chromosomes takes place.

4. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes takes place.

Discuss with your teacher about.

1. haploid insects and lower plants where cell division occurs, and

2. Some haploid cells in higher plants where cell division does not occur.

Cell Cycle and Cell Division