Explain with suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy.
Phyllotaxy refers to the pattern or arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch of a plant. It is usually of three types:
(i) Alternate: In alternate phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises from the node of a branch. This type of phyllotaxy is observed in the sunflower, mustard, and peepal.
(ii) Opposite: In this type the plants has two leaves arising from the node in opposite directions. It is found in guava.
(iii) Whorled: Plants with whorled phyllotaxy have three or more leaves arising from the node. It is found in Alstonia.
What is meant by modification of root? What type of modification of root is found in the:
(a) Banyan tree
(b) Turnip
(c) Mangrove trees
Justify the following statements on the basis of external features:
(i) Underground parts of a plant are not always roots.
(ii) Flower is a modified shoot.
How is a pinnately compound leaf different from a palmately compound leaf?
Define the following terms:
(a) aestivation
