---

It has been proved that the Himalayas are of very young age as they had formed in the tertiary period. The geologists and archaeologists have collected many items of evidence in order to prove their youthfulness. The following three items of evidences are given here :

1. The occurrence of Karewas, the tilted bends of the lake deposits of Kashmir at altitudes of 1500--1800 meters on the flanks of Pir Panjal Range.

2. The fossils of post-tertiary mammals have been found in the sub-Himalayan foot- hills, pointing continuity of upliftment during the Pleistocene times.

3. The archaeologists have collected curious stone tools, representing the Paleolithic times, early man in the terraces of Himalayan rivers, such as the Sohan, and in the Siwalik deposits near Chandigarh. The Siwaliks are believed to be the latest upliftment of the Himalayas.