---

1. Spread of Islam : During the Middle Ages, a new religion-Islam spread rapidly. In 1493 the Turks conquerred constantinaople. As a result most of the Christian scholars fled from Constantinople to Italy and some of other places.
They spread among the people the spirit of reasoning, enquiry and free thinking which led to the Renaissance Movement.

2. The Crusades : During the crusades many fanatic lords and barons had died. Moreover the people came in contact with the developed culture of the Arabs. The new ideas inspired them to think freely.
They started learning the superstitions and narrow mindedness which proved helpful in bringing the Renaissance.

3. Growth of Cities and Towns : The decline of feudalism promoted the growth of free cities where trade, commerce and industry grew quite rapidly. The trading class became rich and it set up several schools and colleges. The spread of learning struck at the roots of the superstitions.

Tips: -

 (V.Imp.)