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The Counter-Reformation was the reaction of the Roman Catholic church towards the Protestant Reformation.

i. The rapid expansion of the Protestant religion in many countries of Europe shook the Roman Catholic leaders.

ii. They attempted to bring reforms in their Church. As a result of 'Counter-Reformation', some of the objectionable practices were given up.

The Pope and the clergymen abandoned their luxurious living. The sale of indulgences was also given up.