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How the modernising of the economy started in Japan?


Funds were raised by levying and agricultural tax. Japan's first railway line, between Tokyo and the port of Yokohama, was built in 1870-72. Textile machinery was imported from Europe, and foreign technicians were employed to train workers, as well as to teach in universities and schools, and Japanese students were sent abroad.

In 1872, modern banking institutions were launched. Companies like Mitsubishi and Sumitomo were helped through subsidies and tax benefits to
become major shipbuilders so that Japanese trade was from now carried in Japanese ships. Zaibatsu (large business organisations controlled by individual families) dominated the economy till after the Second World War.
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What for Japan was considered rich? Elaborate.


Each nation must develop its special talents in the interest of the world civilization. How far it is correct in the contest of Japan ?

Write a short note on the rebuilding of the Japanese economy after its shattering defeat was called a post war miracle.


From the mid 1980 there has been an increasing decline in interest in enviromental issues as Japan enacted some of the strictest environmental controls in the world. Why ?


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