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The industrial revolution in England and Western Europe more than two centuries
ago was triggered by some key scientific and technological advances. What were these
advances ?

England and Western Europe invented the steam engine, electricity, the theory of gravitation and the explosives, more than two centuries ago.

Steam engines helped them in the field of heat and thermodynamics, the theory of gravitation in the field of motion and making guns and cannons. These signs of progress brought about the industrial revolution in England and Western Europe.
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