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Arrange the following in the decreasing order (most important first) of their importance, for the welfare of human society. Give reasons for your answer.

Biogas, Citric acid, Penicillin and Curd.


The order according to the importance will be
Penicillin - Biogas - Citric acid - Curd.


1.Penicillin. It is an antibiotic used to control number of bacterial diseases such as malaria , diphtheria, lung infection etc.

2. Biogas. It is an ecofriendly gas which is used as a fuel. The slurry produced by its production is used as a manure.

3. Citric acid. It is used as preservative in many food items.

4. Curd. It is a dairy product which is a rich source of vitamin B12.

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Find out the name of the microbes from which Cyclosporin A (an immunosuppressive drug) and Statins (blood cholesterol lowering agents) are obtained.


Find out the role of microbes in the following and discuss it with your teacher.

(a) Single cell protein (SCP) (b) Soil.


Three water samples namely river water, untreated sewage water and secondary effluent discharged from a sewage treatment plant were subjected to BOD test. The samples were labelled A, B and C; but the laboratory attendant did not note which was which. The BOD values of the three samples A, B and C were recorded as 20 mg / L, 8 mg / L, and 400 mg / L, respectively. Which sample of the water is most polluted ? Can you assign the correct label to each assuming the river water is relatively clean ?

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