(i) Provides directions: Planning provides directions by deciding the goals and objectives to be achieved and how such goals to be achieved what action should be taken.

(ii) Reduces overlapping and wasteful activities: Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful activities by coordinating the activities of different. As the top management are aware of the desired goals and policies and plans they coordinate their efforts and work to achieve that goal without any delays and waste. 

(iii) Pervasive: Planning must be done at all levels of the management and in all departments of the organisation. Planning is required at all departmental levels and stage in an organisation.