Methanol is soluble in water but insoluble in octane. Explain briefly.

Answer:

Solubility of a substance is its maximum amount that can be dissolved in a specified amount of solvent at a specified temperature. It depends
upon the nature of solute and solvent as well as temperature and pressure. In general, a solute dissolves in a solvent if the intermolecular interactions are similar in the two or we may say like dissolves like.

Like dissolves like means compounds with similar polarity will dissolve in compounds with similar polarity or electrical properties

Methanol and water both are polar and hydrogen bond forming molecules. Thus, they will form homogeneous solution. Whereas octane is non-polar molecule and will not form solution with methanol.

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Given below is the sketch of a plant for carrying out a process.

(i) Name the process occurring in the above plant.
(ii) To which container does the net flow of solvent take place?
(iii) Name one SPM which can be used in this plant.
(iv) Give one potential use of the plant.

Give one example each of miscible liquid pairs showing positive and negative deviatins from Raoult’s law. Give one reason for such deviations.

Explain why freezing point of a solvent is lowered on dissolving a non-volatile solute into it? Give an important application of the phenomenon of depression in freezing point.

What is a semi-permeable membrane?

Solutions

Methanol is soluble in water but insoluble in octane. Explain briefly.