In which circumstances Vijayanagara kingdom was founded? Who were its famous rulers and to which dynasties they belonged?
Or
Describe the stages by which the Vijayanagara empire was built.Vijayanagara was founded in 1336 AD. Its founders were two brothers called Harihara and Bukka Raya. They founded a city called Vijayanagara on the banks of river Tungabhadra. Gradually this city was transformed into a large Hindu Kingdom.
Rulers:Some of the famous rulers of Vijayanagara kingdom are given below:
(i) HariharaI : Harihara I himself founded the Vijayanagara with the help of his brother Bukka Raya. He belonged to Sangama dynasty. He expanded the frontiers of his kingdom from Krishna river till Kaveri river and from Eastern Ghats till Wester^ Ghats.
(ii) Bukka Raya I : After Harihara I, Bukka Raya became the next king. He also belonged to Sangama dynasty. He beautified the city of Vijayanagara. He also fought wars with Bahmani rulers.
(iii) Harihara II and Devaraya II : These two were last famous rulers of Sangama dynasty. Devaraya appointed Muslims in his army. He greatly increased the prestige of Vijayanagara.
(iv)Krishnadeva Raya : Krishnadeva Raya was the most famous ruler of Taluva dynasty. He ruled from 1509 till 1530 AD. First of all he suppressed the revoltee Nayakas. Then he conquered the region of Raichur Doab. Under his reign, prestige of Vijayanagara spread every where.
(v) Sadashiv Raya : He was the last ruler of Taluva dynasty. During his reign, rulers of Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, Golconda and Bidar made an alliance and attacked Vijayanagara. Army of Vijayanagara was defeated in 1565 AD in the battle of Talikota. The victorious army sacked the city of Vijayanagara and conquered its area. In this way Vijayanagara kingdom completely came to an end.
Explain main features of the Sacred Centre.
Who were Nayakas and Amara-Nayakas? Describe their role in the administration of Vijayanagara Empire.
Explain the social and economic conditions of Vijayanagara.
1. How tanks were built
About a tank constructed by Krishnadeva Raya, Paes wrote :
The king made a tank-at the mouth of two hills so that all the water which comes from either one side or the other collects there; and, besides this, water comes to it from more than three leagues (approximately 15 kilometres) by pipes which run along the lower parts of the range outside. This water is brought from a lake which itself overflows into a little river. The tank has three large pillars handsomely carved with figures; these connect above with certain pipes by which they get water when they have to irrigate their gardens and rice-fields.
In order to make this tank the said king broke down a hill.....In the tank I saw so many people at work that there must have been fifteen or twenty thousand men, looking like ants.Questions:
(i) Explain briefly where the tank was constructed.
(ii) Explain briefly the sources of water for the tanks.
(iii) Explain in briefly the advantages of constructing tanks.
