(i) The Third World countries face the threats not only from outside their borders, mostly from neighbours, but also from within. They quarrelled over borders and territories or control over people and populations or all of these simultaneously. On the other hand, most of the First World countries, particularly the powerful Western European countries, faced no serious threats from groups or communities living within those borders. These countries faced threats only from outside their borders.
(ii) New states of the Third World face threats from separatist movements which wanted to form an independent country. Sometimes external and internal threats mearged. A neighbour might help or instigate an internal seperatist movement leading to tensions between the two neighbouring countries.
| A. Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) | (i) Giving up certain types of weapons. |
| B. Arms Control | (ii) A process of exchanging information on defence matters between nations on a regular basis. |
| C. Alliance | (iii) A coalition of nations meant to deter or defend against military attacks. |
| D. Disarmament | (iv) Regulates the acquisition or development of weapons. |
(a) The spread of chikungunya / dengue fever.
(b) Inflow of workers from a neighbouring nation.
(c) Emergence of a group demanding nationhood for their region.
(d) Emergence of a group demanding autonomy for their region.
(e) A newspaper that is critical of the armed forces in the country.
