Evaluate any three factors that helped the congress to continue to dominate the Indian political scenario for almost three decades after independence.
OR
What was Green Revolution? Mention it’s any two positive and any two negative consequences.
The factors that helped the congress to continue to dominate the Indian political scenario for almost three decades after independence are:
(i) It had inherited the legacy of national movement. The Congress was the only party to have organization spread all over the country.
(iii) The party had Jawaharlal Nehru the most popular and charismatic leader in Indian politics. He led the congress campaign and toured through the country.
(iv) Congress was all inclusive- a social and ideological coalition and had transformed into a rainbow-like social coalition, which accommodated the revolutionary as well as pacifist.
OR
Answer:
Green Revolution was a policy of putting more resources into those areas which already had irrigation and those farmers who were already well-off to help increase production rapidly in the short run. In this, high- yielding variety seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and better irrigation at highly subsidised prices offered.
Merits:
(i) The green revolution delivered agricultural growth with a rise in wheat production.
(ii) It raised the availability of food in the country.
Demerits:
(i) Some regions like Punjab and Western Uttar Pradesh became agriculturally prosperous, while others remained backward.
(ii) It resulted in the rise of what is called the middle peasant sections.
Match the following:
| A. S. A. Dange | (i) Bharatiya Jan Sangh |
| B. Shyam Prasad Mukerjee | (ii) Swatantra Party |
| C. Minoo Masani | (iii) Praja Socialist Party |
| D. Minoo Masani | (iv) Communist Party of India |
Match the following:
| A. A politically controversial appointment | (i) Charu Mjumdar |
| B. Led the Railway strike in 1974 | (ii) Jayaprakash Narayan |
| C. Declined to join Nehru’s Cabinet | (iii) George Fernandes |
| D. Declined to join Nehru’s Cabinet | (iv) Justice A.N. Ray |
Explain any three causes of the split in the Congress Party in 1969.
OR
Explain the circumstances that led to the mid-term elections in 1980. Cause of split in the Congress Party in 1969
What forced the Union Government of India to appoint the States Re-organization Commission in 1953? Mention its two main recommendations. Name any four new States formed after 1956.
OR
Describe the various steps taken to hold the first general elections in India. How far these elections were successful?
