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Fill in the blanks :

“_________ of Maharastra declared the farmers’ movement as a war of _______ (symbolising rural,_______ sector) against forces of India (_______ sector).


 Shetkari Sanghathana
, Bharat, Agraeian, Urban Industrial
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Read the poem given below and answer the questions that follow :

Turning their backs to the sun, they journeyed through centuries.

Now, now we must refuse to be pilgrims of darkness.

That one, our father, carrying, carrying the darkness is now bent;

Now, now we must lift the burden from his back.

Our blood was spilled for this glorious city

And what we got was the right to eat stones

Now, now we must explode the building that kisses the sky!

After a thousand years we were blessed with sunflower giving fakir;

Now, now, we must like sunflowers turn our faces to the sun.

(i) Who wrote this poem originally in Marathi ?

(ii) What do you understand by ‘pilgrims of darkness’ ?

(iii) Who was the ‘Sunflower giving fakir’ that blessed the ‘pilgrims of darkness’ ?

(iv) What is expressed by the poems?


Write a brief note on the party-based popular movements.

Match the following :
A. Chipko Movement (i) West Bengal
B. Naxalite Movement (ii) Maharashtra
C. Dalit Panthers (iii) Western UP
D. Bharatiya Kisan Union (iv) Uttarakhand

Why is the impact of popular movements limited on the nature of public policies ?

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