(i) These movements focus on a single issue.
(ii) They represent the interest of one section of society only e.g., Dalit Panthers for Dalits only or BKU for rich farmers of Western UP and Haryana.
(iii) There is no broad alliance that is a necessity in a democracy to act as a pressure group.
(iv) Political parties do not take up the issues relating to marginal social groups.
“_________ of Maharastra declared the farmers’ movement as a war of _______ (symbolising rural,_______ sector) against forces of India (_______ sector).
| A. Chipko Movement | (i) West Bengal |
| B. Naxalite Movement | (ii) Maharashtra |
| C. Dalit Panthers | (iii) Western UP |
| D. Bharatiya Kisan Union | (iv) Uttarakhand |
Turning their backs to the sun, they journeyed through centuries.
Now, now we must refuse to be pilgrims of darkness.
That one, our father, carrying, carrying the darkness is now bent;
Now, now we must lift the burden from his back.
Our blood was spilled for this glorious city
And what we got was the right to eat stones
Now, now we must explode the building that kisses the sky!
After a thousand years we were blessed with sunflower giving fakir;
Now, now, we must like sunflowers turn our faces to the sun.
(i) Who wrote this poem originally in Marathi ?
(ii) What do you understand by ‘pilgrims of darkness’ ?
(iii) Who was the ‘Sunflower giving fakir’ that blessed the ‘pilgrims of darkness’ ?
(iv) What is expressed by the poems?
