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Among the ecosystem services are control of floods and soil erosion. How is this achieved by the biotic components of the ecosystem ?


The biotic components like plants control floods and soil erosion. The roots of the plants hold the soil and prevent soil erosion. Roots also make the soil porous and allow the infiltration of water, hence preventing floods. Dense forests slow down the water flow and keep a check on the floods and soil erosion. 
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Give three hypotheses for explaining why tropics show greatest levels of species richness.


The species diversity of plants (22 per cent) is much less than that of animals (72 per cent). What could be the explanations to how animals achieved greater diversification?


How do ecologists estimate the total number of species present in the world?


Name the three important components of biodiversity.

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