Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding fermentation

• Propionibacterium is used to ferment the cheese.

• The puffed-up appearance of dough is due to the production of CO₂ gas.

• Fermentation in muscle produces ethanol.

• Toddy is made by fermenting sap from palms.

Select the correct statement.

• Particulate matter of size 10 um can create severe damage to the lungs.

• Particulate matter of size greater than 2.5 µm can get trapped in lungs and cause problems.

• Particulate matter of size less than 2.5 µm penetrate deep into lungs.

• None of the above.

Chemosensitive area of respiratory centre in medulla is affected by

• less CO₂ and H⁺ ions

• less O₂ and H⁺ ions

• excess CO₂ and H⁺ ions

• excess O₂ and H⁺ ions

Assertion : Emphysema is a chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged.

Reason : Emphysema is closely related to cigarette smoking.

• If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

• If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

• If assertion is true but reason is false

• If both assertion and reason are false.

Respiration is controlled by

• medulla oblongata

• cerebellum

• hypothalamus

• cerebrum

Assertion : Excess of nitrates in drinking water are harmful for infants.

Reason : Nitrates are responsible for blue baby syndrome.

• If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion

• If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion

• If assertion is true but reason is false

• If both assertion and reason are false

Assertion: Ciliated epithelium is present in the inner lining of trachea and large bronchi.

Reason: Ciliary movement propel the mucus and foreign particle towards the larynx.

• If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion

• If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion

• If assertion is true but reason is false

• If both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated in China.

Reason : China is the most populated country of the world.

• If both Assertion and Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion

• If both Assertion and Reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion

• If Assertion is true statement but Reason is false

• If both Assertion and Reason are false statements

The function of surfactant is/are

• facilitating lung expansion

• maintaining the stable size of the alveoli

•  to reduce the surface tension on the alveoli

• all of the above

The process by which chloride ions pass into RBC and bicarbonate ions pass out is called

• bicarbonate shift

• Chloride shift

• buffer system

• enzyme shift