How could non-cooperation become a movement? Explain with examples.
Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would have collapsed.
(i) Non-cooperation movement was launched by Gandhi in 1920 and it was unfolded in stages. It began with the surrender of titles that the government awarded, and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts, schools and foreign goods.
(ii) Various social groups participated in this movement, each with its own specific aspiration. The non-cooperation movement started with the middle class participation in the cities.
(iii) Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges; headmasters and teachers resigned; and lawyers gave up their legal practices.
(iv) Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign clothes burnt in huge bonfires. In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.
How has the struggle of the Nepali people become a source of inspiration to democrats all over the world? Explain.
(30.1) Two features A and B are marked in the political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map:
(A) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held in September 1920
(B) The place where the cotton mill workers Satyagraha was organised in 1918
(30.2) On the same political outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols:
(i) Bhilai - iron and steel plant
(ii) Coimbatore - cotton textile centre
(iii) Raja Sansi - international airport
Explain any five social and administrative reforms introduced by Napoleon in the regions under his control.
OR
The measures taken by the French to control the spread of bubonic plague in Hanoi created a serious problem. Explain the statement.
How does exploitation of consumers take place in the market? Explain with any five facts.
