Explain any five elements considered by the historians while analyzing the texts.
The five elements considered by the historians while analyzing the texts:
(i) They examine whether texts were written in Prakrit, Pali or Tamil, languages that were probably used by ordinary people, or in Sanskrit, a language meant almost exclusively for priests and elites.
(ii) They also consider the kinds of text. Were these mantras, learnt and chanted by ritual specialists, or stories that people could have read, or heard, and then retold if they found them interesting?
(iii) Besides, they try to find out about the authors whose perspectives and ideas shaped the text, as well as the intended audience, as, very often, authors keep the interests of their audience in mind while composing their work.
(iv) And they try and ascertain the possible date of the composition or compilation of the texts as well as the place where they may have been composed.
(v) It is only after making these assessments that they draw on the content of texts to arrive at an understanding of their historical significance.
Who composed the original story of the text of Mahabharata? Describe the various stages through which Mahabharata was completed between the fifth century BCE and 400 C.E.
'The keeping of exact and detailed records was a major concern of the Mughal administration'. Support the statement with facts.
On the given political outline map of India mark and label the following mature Harappan sites Rakhigadi, Nageshwar, Lothal, Kalibangan, Kotdiji.
OR
On the given political outline map of India mark and label the following territories under Babar, Akbar and Aurangzeb: Delhi, Goa, Agra, Ajmer, Amber.
Mention the two rules about classification of people in terms of 'gotra' under Brahmanical practice around 1000 BCE onwards.
Describe three factors that accounted for the constant expansion of agriculture during sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
