Short Answer Type

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What transformations took place in the rural society in post-Independent India?


Several profound transformations in the nature of social relations in rural areas took place in the post-Independence period, especially in those regions that underwent the Green Revolution. These included:

  1. an increase in the use of agricultural labour as cultivation became more
    intensive;
  2. a shift from payment in kind (grain) to payment in cash;
  3. a loosening of traditional bonds or hereditary relationships between farmers or landowners and agricultural workers (known as bonded labour);
  4. and the rise of a class of ‘free’ wage labourers’.

As cultivation became more commercialised, these rural areas were also becoming integrated into the wider economy. This process increased the flow of money into villages and expanding opportunities for business and employment.

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What powers and responsibilities have been delegated to the Panchayats?

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Long Answer Type

Describe the changes that have been happening in the medium of television.

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Short Answer Type

Highlight the condition of migrant workers in industries by giving suitable examples.

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Long Answer Type

Highlight the sources of conflict between national development and tribal development.

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If capitalism became the dominant economic system in the colonial period, nation-states became the dominant political form. Explain how this process took place.

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Short Answer Type

Give two examples of Dalit Movements.

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