Theory of relative deprivation:—According to this theory, social conflict arises when a social group feels that it is worse off than others. This theory emphasises the role of Psychological factors such as resentment and rage.

The logic of collective action: A person will join the social movement only when he will gain something from it. He will participate only if the risks are less than gains. It is based on the notion of the rational, utility maximising individual.

Resource mobilization theory —This theory was proposed by Mc Carthy and Zald who argued that a social movement‘s success depends on its ability to mobilize resources such as leadership, organizational capacity and communication facilities, and can use within the available political opportunity structure, it is more likely to be effective.