Kidney transplantation is the transfer of a healthy kidney from one person into the body of a person who has little or no kidney function. A functioning kidney is used in transplantation from a donor, preferably a close relative, to minimise its chances of rejection by the immune system of the host. 

First kidney transplant was performed by a Washington Surgeon, Dr. Charles Hufnagel. In India, first transplant was performed on a 35 yrs old Shaninughan at CMC, Vellore on December 1, 1971.