(a) Origin of replication (b) Bioreactor (c) Downstream processing
(b) Bioreactor are vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products using microbial, plant or human cells. It provides optimal conditions for achieving the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions, pH, substrate salts, vitamins, oxygen, etc.
(c) Downstream processing.are the series of processes which a genetically modified product undergoes before it is ready to be marketed. It generally involves processes like separation and purification.
If a desired gene is identified in an organism for some experiments, explain the process of the following:
(i) Cutting this desired gene at specific location
(ii) Synthesis of multiple copies of this desired gene
A. Describe the characteristics a cloning vector must possess.
B. Why DNA cannot pass through the cell membrane? Explain. How is a bacterial cell made competent to take up recombinant DNA from the medium?
(a) Describe the various steps of Griffith’s experiment that led to the conclusion of the ‘Transforming Principle’.
(b) How did the chemical nature of the ‘Transforming Principle’ get established?
(a) PCR (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA
(c) Chitinase.
