(a) PCR (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA
(c) Chitinase.
(b) Restriction enzymesare called “molecular scissors” or chemical scalpels. Restriction enzymes, synthesized by micro-organisms as a defence mechanism which can cleave double-stranded DNA at specific sites called recognition sequences. The recognition sequence is a palindrome, where the sequence of base pairs reads the same on both the DNA strands, when the orientation of reading is kept the same.
(c) Chitinase. are hydrolytic enzymes used to degrade chitin . It is used to break the cell open to release DNA along with other macromolecules such as RNA, proteins, polysaccharides and also lipids.
(a) Origin of replication (b) Bioreactor (c) Downstream processing
If a desired gene is identified in an organism for some experiments, explain the process of the following:
(i) Cutting this desired gene at specific location
(ii) Synthesis of multiple copies of this desired gene
A. Describe the characteristics a cloning vector must possess.
B. Why DNA cannot pass through the cell membrane? Explain. How is a bacterial cell made competent to take up recombinant DNA from the medium?
(a) Describe the various steps of Griffith’s experiment that led to the conclusion of the ‘Transforming Principle’.
(b) How did the chemical nature of the ‘Transforming Principle’ get established?
