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How would you account for the irregular variation of ionisation enthalpies (first and second) in the first series of the transition elements?


Ionization enthalpies are found to increase in the given series due to a continuous filling of the inner d-orbitals. The irregular variations of ionization enthalpies can be attributed to the extra stability of configurations such as d0, d5, d10. Since these states are exceptionally stable, their ionization enthalpies are very high.

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In the series Sc (Z = 21) to Zn(Z = 30), the enthalpy of atomisation of zinc is the lowest i.e., 26, kJ mol. Why?

Silver atom has a completely filled d orbitals (4d10) in its ground state. How can you say that it is a transition element?

The E° (M2+/M) value for copper is positive (+ 0.34 V). What is possibility the reason for this? 

Why is the highest oxidation state of a metal exhibited in its oxide or fluoride only?

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