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State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.

(i) Prudential reason: Power sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. For example in India, Hindi has not been imposed on the southern states. 

(ii) Moral reason: Power sharing is the very soul of democracy. People have right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. In India, reservation of seats for SCs and STs in state assemblies and parliament is an example of moral reason.

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After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which one of these do you agree with and why ? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
Thomman - Power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguistic or ethnic divisions.
Mathayi -  Power sharing is suitable only for big countries that have regional divisions.
Ouseph - 
Every society needs some form of power sharing even if it is small or does not have social divisions.
 


I agree with the conclusion of Ouseph as every society needs some form of power sharing even if it is small or does not have social divisions. Power sharing leads to efficiency. Democracy itself stands for people of the goverment, if people are consulted in the decision making process then it instills a sense of participation in them. In power sharing system we tend to have lesser conflicts in terms of law and order with the goverment.
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The mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town's schools. He said that the ban would help all non-Dutch speakers integrate in this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing arrangements ? Give your reasons in about 50 words.

It is contrary to the spirit of Belgium's power sharing arrangement as this proposes the tyranny of the mojority. This also imposes the will of the majority on the minority as the mayor has asked for the integration of French with the Dutch. It also prevents the French from having separate linguistic identity.
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What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies ? Give an example of each of these.


Different Forms of Power Sharing in Modern Democracies: These are : (i) Power sharing as existed in different organs of government, (ii) Power sharing seen at different levels of government, (iii) Power sharing seen at different social groups, (iv) The so-called power sharing among different political parties, pressure groups and movements viz.

I. Power Sharing in Governance:

(i) Legislature 

(ii) Executive 

(iii) Judiciary

II. Power sharing among governments at different levels:

 (a) Centre (b) State (c) Local self

III. Power-sharing among different social groups: Linguistic and Religious groups, e.g., Community Government in Belgium.

IV. Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements:

(a) Political Parties 

(b) Pressure Groups 

(c) Movements 

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Read the following passage and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this.
“We need to give more power to the Panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the hopes of the makers of our Constitution. Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy - in the hands of the people. Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.”

Participation of the people in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, naturally enhances control over these schemes. Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy. It is referred as grass root democracy, as Gandhi had himself confessed that real India lives in Villages. The prime objectives is to get rid of the corrupt middle man.
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