Name a human disease, its causal organism, symptoms (any three) and vector, spread by intake of water and food contaminated by human faecal matter.

(a) Can a plant flowering in Mumbai be pollinated by pollen grains of the same species growing in New Delhi ? Provide explanations to your answer.

Describe the roles of heat, primers and the bacterium Thermus aquaticus in the process of PCR.

Both Haemophilia and Thalassemia are blood related disorders in humans. Write their causes and the difference between the two. Name the category of genetic disorder they both come under.

(a) Write the desirable characters a farmer looks for in his sugarcane crop. (b) How did plant breeding techniques help north Indian farmers to develop cane with desired characters ?

(a) Explain the significance of palindromic nucleotide sequence in the formation of recombinant DNA.
(b) Write the use of restriction endonuclease in the above process.

Explain the various steps involved in the production of artificial insulin.

Secondary treatment of the sewage is also called Biological treatment. Justify this statement and explain the process

Write the characteristics of Ramapithecus, Dryopithecus and Neanderthal man.

(a) List the two methodologies which were involved in human genome project. Mention how they were used.
(b) Expand ‘YAC’ and mention what was it used for.