Short Answer Type(a) Can a plant flowering in Mumbai be pollinated by pollen grains of the same species growing in New Delhi ? Provide explanations to your answer.
Both Haemophilia and Thalassemia are blood related disorders in humans. Write their causes and the difference between the two. Name the category of genetic disorder they both come under.
(a) List the two methodologies which were involved in human genome project. Mention how they were used.
(b) Expand ‘YAC’ and mention what was it used for.
(a) 2 Methodologies of HGP : - (1) Expressed Sequence Tags (EST's) : - This method focusses on identifying all the genes that are expressed as RNA.
(2) Sequence Annotation : - It is an approach of simply sequencing the whole set of genome that contains all the coding and non-coding sequences, and later assigning different regions in the sequence with functions.
(b) 'YAC' → Yeast Artificial Chromosome : - It is used as a cloning vector for cloning DNA fragments in suitable host so that DNA sequencing can be done.
Name a human disease, its causal organism, symptoms (any three) and vector, spread by intake of water and food contaminated by human faecal matter.
(a) Write the desirable characters a farmer looks for in his sugarcane crop. (b) How did plant breeding techniques help north Indian farmers to develop cane with desired characters ?
Secondary treatment of the sewage is also called Biological treatment. Justify this statement and explain the process
(a) Explain the significance of palindromic nucleotide sequence in the formation of recombinant DNA.
(b) Write the use of restriction endonuclease in the above process.
Describe the roles of heat, primers and the bacterium Thermus aquaticus in the process of PCR.
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