Short Answer Type(a) Can a plant flowering in Mumbai be pollinated by pollen grains of the same species growing in New Delhi ? Provide explanations to your answer.
Both Haemophilia and Thalassemia are blood related disorders in humans. Write their causes and the difference between the two. Name the category of genetic disorder they both come under.
(a) List the two methodologies which were involved in human genome project. Mention how they were used.
(b) Expand ‘YAC’ and mention what was it used for.
Name a human disease, its causal organism, symptoms (any three) and vector, spread by intake of water and food contaminated by human faecal matter.
(a) Write the desirable characters a farmer looks for in his sugarcane crop. (b) How did plant breeding techniques help north Indian farmers to develop cane with desired characters ?
Secondary treatment of the sewage is also called Biological treatment. Justify this statement and explain the process
Secondary treatment or Biological treatment :
* Primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks with constant mechanical agitation and air supply. * Useful aerobic microbes grow rapidly and form flocs.
* Flocs are masses of bacteria and consumes organic matter and thus reduce the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).
* When BOD of sewage has reduced, the effluent is passed into Settling tank.
* Here, the bacterial flocs settle and sediment is called activated sludge.
* A small part of the sludge is used as an inoculum in the aeration tank and the remaining part is passed into large tanks called anaerobic sludge digesters.
* In the digesters, heterotrophic microbes anaerobically digest bacteria and fungi in sludge producing mixture of gases such as methane, H2S, CO2 which forms the biogas.
(a) Explain the significance of palindromic nucleotide sequence in the formation of recombinant DNA.
(b) Write the use of restriction endonuclease in the above process.
Describe the roles of heat, primers and the bacterium Thermus aquaticus in the process of PCR.
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