Describe the roles of heat, primers and the bacterium Thermus aquaticus in the process of PCR.
Role of Heat : - It helps in denaturation process in PCR. The ds DNA is heated in this process at very high temperature (95ºC) so that both the strands separates. Role of primers : - Primers are chemically synthesised small oligonucleotides of about 10-18 nucleotides that are complementary to a region of template DNA and helps in the extension of new chain. Role of Bacterium Thermus aquaticus : - From this bacterium, a thermostable Taq DNA polymerase is isolated which can tolerate high temperatures and forms new strand.
Secondary treatment of the sewage is also called Biological treatment. Justify this statement and explain the process
Name a human disease, its causal organism, symptoms (any three) and vector, spread by intake of water and food contaminated by human faecal matter.
(a) List the two methodologies which were involved in human genome project. Mention how they were used.
(b) Expand ‘YAC’ and mention what was it used for.
(a) Can a plant flowering in Mumbai be pollinated by pollen grains of the same species growing in New Delhi ? Provide explanations to your answer.
Both Haemophilia and Thalassemia are blood related disorders in humans. Write their causes and the difference between the two. Name the category of genetic disorder they both come under.
(a) Explain the significance of palindromic nucleotide sequence in the formation of recombinant DNA.
(b) Write the use of restriction endonuclease in the above process.
(a) Write the desirable characters a farmer looks for in his sugarcane crop. (b) How did plant breeding techniques help north Indian farmers to develop cane with desired characters ?
