Acids, Bases and Salts

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ACIDS:

1. The term ‘acid’ has been derived from the Latin word, acidus, which means sour.
2. These are the substances which have a sour taste.
3. Acid turns blue litmus solution red.
4. Acid give H⁺ ions in aqueous solution

Strong Acids: HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃

Weak Acids: CH₃COOH, Oxalic acid, Lactic acid

Concentrated Acid: Having more amount of acid + less amount of water

Dilute Acid: Having more amount of water + less amount of acid

BASES :

1. These are the substances which are bitter in taste and soapy in touch.
2. They turn red litmus solution blue.
3. They give OH⁻ ions in aqueous solution.

Strong Bases: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)₂
Weak Bases: NH₄OH
Alkalis: These are bases which are soluble in water [NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)₂].

SALTS:

Salts: - A salt is a compound which is formed by the neutralization reaction between an acid and base.

For example, sodium chloride is formed by reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.