Working Of Institutions

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• Summary

In a democracy, the rulers have to follow some rules and procedures. They have to work with and within institutions.

There are three institutions that play a key role in major decisions – legislature, executive and judiciary.

An order announces a major policy decision taken by the government for immediate implementation.

1. The government is responsible for ensuring security to the citizens and providing facilities for education and health to all.
2. It collects taxes and spends the money thus raised on administration, defence and development programmes.
3. It formulates and implements several welfare schemes.
4. To attend several tasks at a different level, many arrangements are made such arrangements are called institutions.
5. A democracy works well when these institutions perform functions assigned to them.
6. Different types of institutions are:
   1. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are institutions that take all important policy decisions.
   2. The Civil Servants, working together, are responsible for taking steps to implement the ministers’ decisions.
   3. Supreme Court is an institution where disputes between citizens and the government are finally settled.

1. President is the head of the state and is the highest formal authority in the country.
2. Prime Minister is the head of the government and actually exercises all governmental powers. He takes
   most of the decisions in the Cabinet meetings.
3. Parliament consists of the President and two Houses, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
4. The Prime Minister must have the support of a majority of Lok Sabha members.