The concept of hot- spot was first introduced by

• Mayer

• Simpson

• Myers

• David

The objective of 'Ramsar Convention' was

• forest conservation

• wildlife conservation

• wetland conservation

• biodiversity conservation

What is the full form of MAB?

• Man and biosphere

• Man and biosphere reserve

• Man and biosphere reserve programme

• Man and biosphere programme

The 'Red Data Book' records

• species diversity of wetlands

• list of water pollutants

• list of threatened species

• rate of population decline

Beta ($\mathrm{\beta }$) diversity refers to diversity

• within a community

• between communities

• between two eco zones

• within a population

Which one of the followings is an in situ method of biodiversity conservation?

• National park

• Botanical garden

• Zoological garden

• Scientific laboratory

197.

An area is declared as 'Hot Spot' when

• it has 1500 or more endemic species and 75% of its original habitat is lost

• it has 1500 or more vertebrate species and 75% of its original habitat is lost

• it has more than 2000 species of plants

• most of the species inhabiting the area is facing the risk of extinction

Match the following columns and choose the correct option from the codes given below.

Column I (Terminology related to corals)	Column II (Explanation)
A. Corallite	1. Main constitutent of coral reef
B. Corallium	2. Central irregular skeleton mass of ridge
C. Hexacoralliaons	3. Skeleton of mass solitary coral
D. Columella	4. Skeleton of colonical coral

• A - 1; B - 3; C - 2; D - 4

• A - 2; B - 1; C - 4; D - 3

• A - 3; B - 4; C - 1; D - 2

• A - 4; B - 2; C - 3; D - 1

Man And Biosphere programme (MAB) was launched by UNESCO in 1971. Which of the following is not an objective of this programme?

• To provide opportunities for education and training

• To promote international cooperation

• To provide long term in situ conservation of genetic diversity

• To provide protection to wild animals fauna

If the decomposers become extinct, the most severally affected would be

• biomagnification

• damage to nitrogen fixation

• non-cycling of minerals

• carnivores will be starved