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51. Explain the following terms briefly

(a) Single cell proteins (b) Biopatent (c) Bioethics (d) Biopiracy (e) Genetically modified food.

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52. Briefly explain why are Transgenic animals produced ?

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53. State the ethical issues in using transgenic animals.

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Advantages and Disadvatages of Genetically modified (GM) Crops.

Advatages	Disadvantages
1. GM crops are developed for pest resistance and thus the yield increases and there is less dependence on pesticides.	1. GM crops that show pest resistance prove harmful for pollinators and hence pollination.
2. GM crops are developed to increase the nutritional value in the crops.	2. GM crops can lead to severe allergies in some and may not be as good in taste as the natural crop.
3. They can be used to develop crops which are more tolerant to abiotic stresses	3. The pollen of GM crops is also modified and can lead to the development of resistance and growth of super-weeds. Weeds prove harmful to the environment and crops.
4. GM crops can be developed to have antibiotic properties	The intake of GM crops having antibiotic properties may lead to antibiotic resistance in some and less efficacy of antibiotic medications.
5. GM crops can be modified to benefit humans.	5. The patent provided for the development of GM crops has been creating problems because the companies are benefited while the farmers are at loss.