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Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Short Answer Type

21. What are motor proteins ?

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22. Why Meiosis II is necessary when cell is divided in Meiosis I ?

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Long Answer Type

23. Describe cell cycle.

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24. Describe significance of mitosis.

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25. What are mitotic poisons ?

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26. Describe Meiosis II or Homotypic division.

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27. Describe significance of meiosis.

Meiosis is very important in the following ways.

1. Formation of gametes. Meiosis produces gametes in animals for sexual reproduction.

2. Formation of spores. Meiosis produces spores in plants for asexual reproduction.

3. Maintenance of chromosome number. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number in the gametes so that fertilization may restore the original diploid number in the zygote.

4. Introduction of variations. Meiosis provides a chance for the formation of new combinations of alleles and chromosomes. This brings about variations which cause evolution. The new combinations of alleles are produced by crossing-over in prophase-I.

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Short Answer Type

28. Why does a multi cellular organism require two types of cell division ?

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Long Answer Type

29. “A well known biologist stated that the life history of an organism can be summed up as gametic fusion, equational division and reductional division.” Comment.

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30. Why is meiosis called the reductional division and mitosis called equational division?

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