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Chemical Coordination and Integration

Short Answer Type

91. Write hormones secreted by placenta and the entric epithelium of stomach.

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92. What two hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla ?

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93. From what chemical compounds are all steroid hormones derived ? Mention at least two examples of steroid hormones.

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Long Answer Type

94.

Explain the following :

(1) Insulin lowers the blood sugar level.

(2) Adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system function as a closely integrated system.

(3) Pituitary gland regulates the reproductive system.

(4) Feed back system controls the blood level of many hormones.

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95. In general, how do steroid hormones effect changes in their targets cells ?

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96. Write a note on Melanocyte stimulating hormone.

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Short Answer Type

97. What hormones are produced when the body's blood glucose level drops below normal? How do these hormones act to return the level to normal ? What hormone is produced when the body's blood glucose levels become elevated ? How does this hormone act to return the level to normal?

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Long Answer Type

98. Distinguish between hormones and enzymes.

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99. What is diabetes ? Which hormonal deficiency results in this disease ? How does this affect an individual ability to use glucose? What are some possible treatments for diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes : It is disease which occurs due to the elevation of blood sugar level. It is characterized by the excretion of extra sugar in urine.

It is due to the deficiency of insulin hormone. The deficiency of insulin leads to increase in the glucose level in the blood as it does not convert excess of glucose in glucogen. This raises blood-glucose level. Somatostatin inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon.

Treatment of diabetes :

1. Minimize intake of sugar and starch products.

2. Patients should take insulin tablets/ injections.

3. Daily walking for 5-6 km is good for diabetic patients.

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