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Environmental Issues

Short Answer Type

41. How is air pollution responsible for changing the ill-effects of ultraviolet radiation ?

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42. Write a note on Biological Oxygen Demand (B.O.D.).

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43. What is organic farming ?

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44. What is ‘terror of Bengal’ ?

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45. What is water logging and salinity ?

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46. List the consequences of deforestation.

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Long Answer Type

47. List any three laws passed by Indian government to control pollution.

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Short Answer Type

48. Define pollution. Compare the biodegradable and nonbiodegradable pollutants.

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49. Define pollutant.

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50. What is air pollution ? List various air pollutants.

Air pollution. Release of harmful materials into the air that leads to the degradation of air quality and atmosphere condition. Air pollutants include gaseous materials, suspended particles and radioactive substances.

(a) The gaseous pollutants of air come from automobiles and industries. These include CO, CO₂, NO, NO₂, SO₂, SO₃, hydrocarbons, fluorides and photochemical oxidants, such as peroxyacyl nitrate (PAN), ozone (O₃), and aldehydes. .

(b) The particulate contaminants of air also come from industries and automobiles. These include fly-ash, soot, metal dust, cotton fibres, asbestos, fibres, lead, aerosols (chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PC_Bg), tobacco smoke, smog, pollen, spores, cysts and bacteria.

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