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Global warming. The increase in global mean temperature due to enhanced greenhouse effect is called global warming. The greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat energy and keep the Earth's atmosphere warm. The increased level greenhouse gases has led to considerable heating of Earth leading to global warming. The increased level of greenhouse gases is because of rapid industrialisation, burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.
 
Effects of global warming : Global warming will have harmful effects on Earth. It will lead to rise in the average temperature of earth, which may increase by 1.4° to 5.8°C by the year 2100. It will lead to melting of polar ice caps and lead to rise in Sea level. The rise in sea level may in turn lead to the submergence of the coastal areas. Climatic change is threat to human health in tropical and subtropical countries. It will also create imbalance in the water cycle of Earth. Global warming will have harmful effect on the organisms be it plants or animals.

The measures that need to be taken to control global warming are:
(i) Reducing the use of fossil fuels.
(ii) Reforestation or planting of more and more trees.
(iii) Use of Bio-fuels.
(iv) Improving efficiency of energy usage.
(v) Reducing the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.