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Evolution

Long Answer Type

101. List a few modern day animals and from internet link to corresponding ancient fossil. Name both.

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102. As a student of biology, trace the evolutionary history of man.

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One Word Answers

103. What causes speciation according to Hugo de Vries ?

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Short Answer Type

104. Name any two vertebrate body parts that are homologous to human forelimbs.

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105. What is divergent evolution ? Explain taking an example of plants.

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106. What is adaptive radiation ? Show how adaptive radiations gave rise to a variety of marsupials in Australia ?

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Long Answer Type

107. Give a brief summary od Darwin's theory of evolution and evidences in favor of it and its drawbacks.

Charles Darwin (1809-1882), a naturalist proposed a theory to explain the process of evolution. His theory was published in his famous book 'Origin of Species' published in 1858. His theory of natural selection is termed Darwinism.
Darwin's Theory of Evolution may be summed up as follows :

1. Rapid multiplication

2. Struggle for existence

3. Variations

4. Natural selection or survival of the fittest

5. Inheritance of useful variations

6. Origin of new species.

Evidences in favour of Darwin's theory.

Darwin's theory is supported by natural selection, phenomena of mimicry and protective colouration, and correlation between nectaries of flowers and proboscis of pollinating insects.

Draw backs - Darwin's theory fails to explain perpetuation of vestigial organs and over-specialization of organs.

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